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Long-term exposure to polyethylene restructures the multi-kingdom soil microbiota in maize fields.

Zhen Shi1,2, Li Xiong1,2, Zhaojie Li1,2

  • 1School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China.

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Polyethylene (PE) soil contamination impacts microbial communities long-term. Bacterial communities show resilience and enhanced biodegradation, but antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) increase in the plastisphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Soil contamination by polyethylene (PE) is a growing global issue.
  • Long-term effects of PE on soil microbial communities are not well understood.
  • Understanding impacts on bacteria, fungi, and protists is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the eight-year legacy effects of PE residues on soil microbiota assembly.
  • To assess the influence of PE on the soil antibiotic resistome.
  • To determine how PE affects different microbial kingdoms.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an eight-year field experiment.
  • Analyzed microbial community assembly across bacteria, fungi, and protists.
  • Quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the plastisphere.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial communities were more stable and resilient to PE than fungal and protistan communities.
  • PE exposure led to deterministic bacterial assembly and enhanced biodegradation potential.
  • Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were more prevalent in the PE plastisphere, with bacteria as primary hosts.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-kingdom microbial responses are critical for understanding plastic pollution risks.
  • PE contamination alters soil microbial assembly and promotes antibiotic resistance.
  • Long-term PE presence reshapes soil ecosystems and their functions.