Risk factors of nosocomial infection after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To summarize the risk factors for Nosocomial Infection(NI) in patients after Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).

The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical Database (CBM), Chinese Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched for relevant articles from its inception to November 2024. This meta-analysis is based on RevMan5.4 software. The results' robustness was assessed using sensitivity analysis, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and funnel plot. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Twenty-six studies were included, involving 18,825 patients. The meta-analysis showed that: combined diabetes(Patients with post-PCI infection had diabetes) [OR = 2.17, 95%(1.52,3.10)], mechanical ventilation [OR = 4.39, 95%(2.95,6.53)], indwelling urinary catheter [OR = 4.28, 95%(2.66,6.89)], age ≥ 60 years [OR = 1.96, 95%(1.50,2.57)], invasive procedures [OR = 2.72, 95%(1.99,3.71)], somking [OR = 1.88, 95%(1.18,2.99)], cardiac function classification of III to IV [OR = 3.14, 95%(2.03,4.88)], implantation of ≥ 2 stents [OR = 2.36, 95%(1.13,4.93)], and hospitalization days ≥ 14 [OR = 2.36, 95%(1.01,5.52)] were the predictive factors for the development of NI in post-PCI patients. The most common infecting bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The sites of infection were predominantly respiratory and urinary.

This systematic review discusses the risk factors that lead to NI in post-PCI patients. Healthcare professionals may combine these factors to develop targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of infections and promote patient recovery.