Effect of Practical Demonstration on Reducing Technical Radiographic Errors Made by Dental Students

The aim of this study was to examine the frequency, types, and distribution of technical errors in periapical radiographic images taken by dental students, as well as to evaluate the effect of practical demonstration on these parameters.

The study involved a comprehensive evaluation of 960 periapical radiographic images taken by 80 junior year dental students, both prior to and following a demonstration conducted using a radiographic phantom. All images were obtained using the bisecting angle technique with photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates, without the use of a film holder, and were assessed by four observers.

One or more technical errors were identified in 783 of the 960 images (81.6%). The most common error was related to sensor positioning, both before and after the demonstration (57.3% and 55.6%, respectively). The highest proportion of errors was identified in the maxillary anterior region (26.8%), followed by the mandibular anterior region (21.6%). Errors were slightly more prevalent in the maxilla (53.6%) than in the mandible (46.4%). The frequency of technical errors before and after the demonstration was similar, with statistically significant differences noted only for crown cutoff, non-parallel positioning to the occlusal plane, and shortening errors. A decrease in the total number of errors was observed in approximately two-thirds of the students (61.25%).

These findings highlight the need to strengthen undergraduate dental education in radiographic techniques and radiation protection. Integrating structured instruction on radiographic errors and their correction earlier in the curriculum may enhance student competence. In addition to practical demonstrations, the incorporation of simulation-based training, supervised clinical practice, and structured feedback could further improve radiographic skills and reduce technical errors.