Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

602
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
602
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.9K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.9K
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

436
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
436
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.2K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.2K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

13.0K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
13.0K
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

5.2K
Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simultaneously Enhancing Activity and Stability of Perovskite by Grafting Dodecylphosphonic Acid for Selective Photooxidation of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

Chlorine-coordinated iron single-atom nanozymes for amplified ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026
Same author

Isolated Fe Sites in 2D Metal-organic Layers: Structural Regulation Governing Hydrocarbon Photooxidation.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Descriptor-Based Screening of Dual-Atom Photocatalysts for Efficient Urea Synthesis from CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Direct carbonyl reductive functionalizations by diphenylphosphine oxide.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Electrosynthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds via Hydroxylamine-Mediated Cascade Reactions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.9K

Electron-Trap Induced "Hot" Microenvironment Boosting Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation.

Bing-Hao Wang1, Guang-Hui Chen1, Sheng Tian1

  • 1Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel photocatalyst for efficient ammonia production via nitrogen reduction. The material utilizes hot carriers to overcome reaction barriers, significantly boosting catalytic performance and solar-to-ammonia conversion efficiency.

Keywords:
Activity surfaceElectron trapGoldNonmetal plasmonicPhotocatalysis nitrogen fixation

More Related Videos

A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation
08:30

A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation

Published on: October 6, 2022

2.7K
Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
11:38

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

Published on: December 3, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.9K
A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation
08:30

A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation

Published on: October 6, 2022

2.7K
Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
11:38

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

Published on: December 3, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Plasmonic photocatalysis utilizes hot carriers for challenging reactions like nitrogen reduction.
  • Hot carrier thermalization limits efficiency in traditional systems.
  • Understanding hot carrier roles in surface reactions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a photocatalyst for efficient nitrogen reduction to ammonia.
  • To investigate the mechanism of hot carrier involvement in photocatalysis.
  • To enhance solar-to-ammonia conversion efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Loading gold nanoparticles on Mo-doped W18O49 nanorods (Au-MWO-S).
  • In situ experiments and theoretical simulations.
  • Characterization of hot electron trapping and surface microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ammonia formation rate of 571.0 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹.
  • Reached solar-to-ammonia (STA) conversion efficiency of 0.28%.
  • Identified shallow energy-level defects as electron traps, reducing hot electron thermalization.

Conclusions:

  • The designed Au-MWO-S photocatalyst efficiently converts nitrogen to ammonia.
  • Shallow defects and enhanced local electromagnetic fields create an active "hot" microenvironment.
  • This work elucidates hot carrier mechanisms, advancing catalytic system design.