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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.1K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

22.3K

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

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Anion-Shielded Porous Organic Cages for High-Performance Xenon/Krypton Separation.

Zhiyuan Zhang1, Yue Ying1, Yufei Li1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel adsorbent for separating Xenon (Xe) and Krypton (Kr). This material utilizes positively charged channels, achieving high Xe uptake and selectivity, crucial for nuclear waste off-gas treatment.

Keywords:
Anionic shielding strategyGuanidinium groupIonic porous organic cageNon‐metallic cation siteXenon/krypton separation

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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Efficient separation of Xenon (Xe) and Krypton (Kr) is a significant industrial challenge, particularly for nuclear waste management.
  • Existing adsorbents often face limitations in capacity, selectivity, or stability in the presence of contaminants like water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new class of porous organic materials for selective Xe/Kr separation.
  • To investigate an anionic shielding strategy for creating positively charged adsorbents.
  • To achieve a superior balance of adsorption capacity and selectivity for Xe.

Main Methods:

  • Anionic shielding strategy to create positively charged channels within porous organic cages.
  • Synthesis and characterization of the POC-TGCl adsorbent.
  • Performance evaluation using Xe/Kr adsorption isotherms and breakthrough experiments.
  • Theoretical calculations and in situ spectroscopic analysis to understand adsorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The POC-TGCl adsorbent demonstrated high Xe uptake (75.1 cm3 g-1) and excellent IAST selectivity (23.4).
  • Achieved a record dynamic selectivity of 15.4 for Xe/Kr separation among porous organic materials.
  • Exhibited superior performance compared to existing Xe-selective adsorbents, offering a new category using organic cations.
  • Showed stability against water and ion interference due to hydrophobic surfaces and anionic shielding.

Conclusions:

  • The anionic shielding strategy successfully created effective positively charged adsorbents for Xe/Kr separation.
  • POC-TGCl offers a promising solution for efficient ppm-level Xe capture from nuclear waste off-gas.
  • This approach provides a new pathway for designing porous materials with pure positively charged channels for diverse applications.