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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and characterization of various biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. MALDI is an ionization technique, widely employed in biological and medical research, as well as in fields like pharmacology and biochemistry.The analyte of interest, a biomolecule or a mixture of biomolecules, is mixed with a suitable matrix...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Laser Ablation Sampling With Low-Power Plasma: A LA-MIP-MS Instrument for Spaceflight.

Benjamin J Farcy1,2, Jacob Graham2, Madeline Raith3

  • 1Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new laser ablation microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometer (LA-MIP-MS) offers low-resource elemental and isotopic analysis for planetary missions. This technology significantly reduces power and gas consumption compared to traditional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Keywords:
geochemistrylaser ablationmass spectrometryplasmaspaceflight

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Traditional inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) is resource-intensive, using high power and gas flows.
  • These limitations make conventional ICP-MS unsuitable for spaceflight applications, particularly for planetary missions requiring compact and efficient instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a low-resource mass spectrometry system for in-situ chemical analysis during planetary science missions.
  • To address the technology gap by creating a laser ablation microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometer (LA-MIP-MS) suitable for spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and developed a prototype LA-MIP-MS instrument.
  • Utilized a low-pressure ( < 1 Torr) microwave-induced plasma ion source powered by 30 W and 50 mL/min of Helium.
  • Interfaced the plasma source with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) for elemental and isotopic analysis of solid samples via laser ablation (266 nm).

Main Results:

  • Achieved quantification accuracy for stainless steel within 1.4-4% of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) values.
  • Demonstrated precision for elemental analysis ranging from ±9.1 to 22% (2σm).
  • Measured Cu and Ni isotopic ratios with ±0.8-3% (2σm) precision and reproducibility from 0.12% to 11.8%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LA-MIP-MS enables elemental and isotopic analysis with significantly lower power and plasma gas requirements than commercial ICP-MS systems.
  • This technology expands instrumentation options for planetary missions, offering a viable technique for terrestrial and spaceflight chemical analysis of geologic materials.