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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

Precision evaluation of 2 CT-based radiostereometric analysis systems in a cadaver study.

Maaike R De Bondt¹, Frank-David Øhrn², Lars H W Engseth³

¹Research Department, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. m.debondt@maartenskliniek.nl.

Acta Orthopaedica

|November 25, 2025

Summary

The new V3MA CT-based radiostereometric analysis (CT-RSA) software shows precision comparable to the established CTMA system. Minor differences in CT-RSA precision between scanner models exist but are clinically irrelevant.

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Area of Science:

Medical imaging
Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical analysis

Background:

Current radiostereometric imaging methods have limitations, including the need for intraoperative marker placement.
Computed tomography-based radiostereometric analysis (CT-RSA) offers an alternative, eliminating the need for intraoperative markers.
Novel CT-RSA software systems aim to improve precision and efficiency in analyzing implant migration.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the precision of a new CT-RSA software system, V3MA.
To compare the precision of V3MA against an established CT-RSA system, CTMA.
To assess the impact of different CT scanner models on CT-RSA precision.

Main Methods:

A porcine cadaver knee with an implant underwent 7 CT scans on two different scanner models (Siemens SOMATOM Force and GE Revolution).
Paired CT scans were aligned using either voxel gray values (V3MA) or surface points (CTMA) to compute implant translation, rotation, and maximum total point motion (MTPM).
Linear mixed models analyzed the precision of both software systems and the influence of scanner models.

Main Results:

Both V3MA and CTMA demonstrated comparable precision, with V3MA showing a slightly lower MTPM (0.09 mm) than CTMA (0.10 mm).
The difference in MTPM between V3MA and CTMA was -0.002 mm, within the minimal important difference of 0.10 mm.
CT-RSA precision was higher when using data from the Siemens scanner (MTPM: 0.12 mm) compared to the GE scanner (MTPM: 0.072 mm).

Conclusions:

The novel V3MA CT-RSA software system achieves precision comparable to the established CTMA system under zero-motion conditions.
Inter-scanner differences in CT-RSA precision were observed but are considered clinically irrelevant.
V3MA offers a promising alternative for precise, markerless analysis of implant migration in orthopedic surgery.