Primary Burkitt Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland With Underlying Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Case Report

Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid is an exceptionally rare, highly aggressive B-cell malignancy. We present the case of a 30-year-old male with a rapidly progressive anterior neck swelling. Imaging revealed a large left thyroid mass with cervical lymphadenopathy, and fine needle aspiration cytology was suspicious for malignancy. Total thyroidectomy was performed, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed Burkitt lymphoma. The patient received three cycles of R-CHOEP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, etoposide, and prednisolone) chemotherapy, and follow-up positron emission tomography-computed tomography after three months demonstrated complete remission. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt chemotherapy in achieving favorable outcomes for this rare entity.