Self-Determination Theory in Return to Work Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Occupational Health
• Rehabilitation Science

Background:

• Self-Determination Theory (SDT) highlights autonomy, competence, and relatedness as crucial for motivation.
• The impact of SDT on return to work (RTW) outcomes requires further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the literature on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in the context of return to work (RTW).
• To synthesize evidence on the association between SDT constructs and RTW outcomes.
• To identify effective components of SDT-informed interventions for RTW.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search following PRISMA-ScR guidelines across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO) up to September 2025.
• Inclusion of eleven studies examining SDT constructs within diverse work disability populations and RTW contexts.
• Qualitative synthesis of findings regarding SDT, motivation, and RTW dynamics.

Main Results:

• Greater satisfaction of SDT needs correlates with higher quality motivation and sustained RTW engagement.
• Evidence suggests SDT satisfaction may reduce RTW duration and enhance employment stability.
• SDT-informed interventions, including Motivational Interviewing and tele-rehabilitation, promote need satisfaction and motivational internalization.

Conclusions:

• SDT provides a robust framework for understanding RTW processes and influencing vocational rehabilitation outcomes.
• SDT-guided interventions show promise for improving RTW trajectories and long-term employment.
• Future research should focus on developing explicit SDT-based theories, standardized measures, and integrated intervention pathways for RTW.