Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

3.9K
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
3.9K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.4K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.4K
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

4.2K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring a targeted epigenetic clock based on mortality-associated CpGs as a potential biomarker for frailty.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

Association of kynurenine metabolites with cognitive and psychological symptoms in post COVID-19 condition: A case-control study.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

The choice of time scales in survival analysis has implications: calendar time versus patients' time-to-event.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same author

Population-based comparison of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and health-related quality of life across pandemic periods: Omicron era versus early pandemic.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Home-Based Intervention to Prevent Functional Decline in (Pre)frail Older Adults: The PromeTheus Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2026
Same author

Impaired microvascular reactivity in post-COVID-19 syndrome is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:10

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2017

11.5K

Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 Promotes a Pro-Regenerative Response in Chondrocytes Upon Cartilage Injury.

Sara Sofi Marques1, Alexandra Liebaug1, Svenja Maurer1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases University of Ulm Ulm Germany.

Medcomm
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is elevated in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) patients compared to idiopathic OA (IOA). This stress-responsive cytokine may play a pro-regenerative role in cartilage injury.

Keywords:
cell fate decisionchondrocytesgrowth differentiation factor 15posttraumatic osteoarthritissenescencestress

More Related Videos

Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity
08:30

Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity

Published on: February 24, 2017

10.0K
Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:10

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2017

11.5K
Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity
08:30

Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity

Published on: February 24, 2017

10.0K
Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops after joint injuries, but lacks specific biomarkers to differentiate it from idiopathic osteoarthritis (IOA).
  • Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a stress-responsive cytokine, has been investigated for its role in osteoarthritis.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms distinguishing PTOA from IOA is crucial for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of GDF-15 in clinical samples and a human ex vivo cartilage trauma model.
  • To determine if GDF-15 can serve as a biomarker for PTOA.
  • To elucidate the role of GDF-15 in chondrocyte response to injury and its association with senescence and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of GDF-15 levels in synovial fluid from PTOA and IOA patients.
  • Stimulation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes with medium from ex vivo-traumatized cartilage.
  • Investigation of GDF-15 and GFRAL expression in degenerated OA cartilage.
  • Utilizing a human cartilage trauma model to study chondrocyte GDF-15 production, oxidative stress, p53 activation, and antioxidative treatment effects.

Main Results:

  • GDF-15 levels were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of PTOA patients compared to IOA patients.
  • Fibroblast-like synoviocytes secreted GDF-15 upon stimulation with medium from traumatized cartilage.
  • Chondrocytes produced GDF-15 following cartilage injury, mediated by oxidative stress and p53 activation.
  • GDF-15 expression was linked to chondrosenescence but also induced pro-regenerative responses, including enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and protection.

Conclusions:

  • GDF-15 is a potential biomarker distinguishing PTOA from IOA.
  • GDF-15 expression in chondrocytes is induced by oxidative stress and linked to senescence.
  • Despite its association with senescence, GDF-15 exhibits pro-regenerative properties in chondrocytes following cartilage trauma.