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Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil
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Hydroxyapatite-Modified Biochar Application Derived from Recycled Selenium-Rich Straw Enhances Rice Biofortification

Haoran Guan1, Yuke Lv1, Kai Wang1

  • 1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces hydroxyapatite-modified biochar (PBC) from selenium-enriched straw to boost rice selenium content and farm profits. PBC application significantly enhances soil selenium availability and grain selenium accumulation, offering a sustainable agroecosystem solution.

Keywords:
economic benefitsmodified biocharresource recoveryrice strawselenium biofortification

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Agricultural straw is a significant source of soil selenium (Se).
  • Efficient selenium recovery from straw is crucial for sustainable agriculture and economic benefits.
  • Resource-oriented utilization of selenium-enriched straw requires innovative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate hydroxyapatite-modified biochar (PBC) derived from selenium-enriched straw for enhanced rice selenium content and economic returns.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of soil selenium mobilization and plant uptake facilitated by PBC.
  • To establish a closed-loop system for selenium resource recovery in agroecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-scale investigations including soil incubation, pot experiments, and field trials.
  • Analysis of selenium enrichment factors in rice straw and grains.
  • Application of hydroxyapatite-modified biochar (PBC) at 1% (w/w) with 2% modification concentration.
  • Measurement of soil-available selenium and grain selenium content.
  • Investigation of soil selenium mobilization pathways and plant gene expression (OsSULTR1;2, OsPT2, OsNIP2;1, OsSULTR2;1).
  • Economic assessment of PBC application.

Main Results:

  • Rice straw showed higher selenium enrichment (59.3%) and concentration (0.211 mg kg-1) than grains.
  • PBC application (1%) significantly increased soil-available selenium (by 47.2%) and grain selenium content (by 55.6%) compared to the control.
  • PBC enhanced selenium mobilization through intrinsic release, adsorption suppression, and soil activation.
  • PBC promoted selenium sequestration in root iron plaques and upregulated key transporter genes, facilitating selenium uptake and translocation.
  • PBC application generated substantial net economic benefits (US$18,301/ha).

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyapatite-modified biochar (PBC) from selenium-enriched straw is an effective strategy for enhancing rice selenium content and agricultural economic benefits.
  • PBC facilitates selenium recovery and uptake via multiple soil and plant mechanisms, including improved iron plaque deposition and transporter gene expression.
  • This study provides a novel technological framework for closed-loop selenium resource recovery in agricultural systems, supporting sustainable development goals.