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Updated: May 9, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

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Published on: May 1, 2015

Case 343: Kaposiform Lymphangiomatosis.

Divij Agarwal¹, Priyanka Naranje¹, Neerja Gupta²

¹Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo Marg, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.

|November 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a rare presentation of a 17-year-old male with gynecomastia, bone fractures, and thrombocytopenia. Diagnostic imaging revealed pericardial thickening, suggesting a complex underlying condition.

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Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
Radiology

Background:

A 17-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of left-sided breast enlargement (gynecomastia).
The patient also reported multiple long bone fractures from minor trauma over 8 years and intermittent hemoptysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the underlying cause of gynecomastia, recurrent fractures, and thrombocytopenia in a young male patient.
To characterize the imaging findings associated with the patient's complex clinical presentation.

Main Methods:

Clinical history and physical examination.
Laboratory investigations including platelet count and hormonal profile.
Diagnostic thoracentesis for hemorrhagic fluid.
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Echocardiography to assess cardiac structures.

Main Results:

Laboratory results revealed thrombocytopenia (platelet count 100,000/µL) with a normal hormonal profile.
Thoracentesis yielded minimal hemorrhagic fluid.
Imaging studies demonstrated diffuse pericardial thickening.

Conclusions:

The combination of gynecomastia, fractures, thrombocytopenia, and pericardial thickening suggests a rare systemic disorder requiring further investigation.
Multimodality imaging played a crucial role in evaluating the extent of the disease.