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Do auditory deviants evoke cortical state changes under anaesthesia? A proof-of-concept study.

Laura H Bohórquez1,2,3, Manuel S Malmierca1,2,3, Adam Hockley1,2,3,4

  • 1Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, Spain.

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Summary

Sensory deviants trigger unique cortical Up states in anaesthetised rats, suggesting these states explain mismatch responses during sleep and anaesthesia. This research sheds light on predictive coding and neural processing.

Keywords:
Up stateauditory cortexcortical slow oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Predictive coding explains sensory processing via prediction errors from stimulus mismatches.
  • Downstream effects of prediction errors on neural processing remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cortical processing of sensory prediction errors.
  • Characterize the neural responses to deviant stimuli in anaesthetised rats.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocorticography (ECoG) was recorded in five urethane-anaesthetised rats.
  • An auditory oddball paradigm was used to present standard and deviant stimuli.
  • Cortical slow oscillations and their relationship to deviant stimuli were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Deviant stimuli evoked prolonged, all-or-nothing cortical responses, identified as evoked cortical Up states.
  • These evoked Up states were distinct from spontaneous Up states and not triggered by standard stimuli.
  • Evoked Up states occurred more frequently after recent spontaneous Up states compared to spontaneous Up states alone.
  • Preliminary data from awake rats showed no spontaneous or evoked long-latency Up states.
  • Anaesthetic depth significantly influenced the presence and reliability of spontaneous and evoked Up states.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory deviants can induce shifts in cortical state under anaesthesia.
  • Evoked cortical Up states may represent the neural mechanism for long-latency mismatch responses observed in anaesthesia and sleep.
  • This study provides insights into the downstream processing of prediction errors within the predictive coding framework.