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Genome-wide methylation changes upon Caco-2 cells exposure to undigested and digested titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

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|November 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) exposure alters DNA methylation in intestinal cells, impacting gene expression and cellular pathways. These effects vary based on nanoparticle properties and digestion status, highlighting the importance of methylation in nanotoxicology.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nanotoxicology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in biomedicine and industry.
  • Concerns exist regarding TiO2NPs' human health effects, especially via ingestion.
  • Nanomaterial exposure can induce DNA methylation changes, affecting gene expression and disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DNA methylation changes in intestinal cells exposed to TiO2NPs.
  • To analyze cellular effects using functional pathway and gene ontology (GO) analysis.
  • To compare effects of digested versus undigested TiO2NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of intestinal cells to three types of TiO2NPs (NM-102, NM-103, NM-105).
  • Assessment of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) after exposure to digested and undigested NPs.
  • Functional pathway and GO analysis to determine cellular impacts.

Main Results:

  • Significant numbers of DMGs were identified for both digested and undigested TiO2NPs.
  • Undigested TiO2NPs notably affected G-protein/adenylate cyclase pathways.
  • Shared cancer-related pathways and distinct biological processes were observed based on digestion.
  • NM-105 uniquely induced hypermethylation compared to other TiO2NPs.

Conclusions:

  • TiO2NPs exposure induces functional DNA methylation changes in intestinal cells.
  • The impact of TiO2NPs is influenced by their physicochemical properties and digestion state.
  • DNA methylation is a critical factor in evaluating the toxicity of nanomaterials.