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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Computer Vision
  • Perception Science

Background:

  • Extended reality (XR) technologies, including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), are increasingly incorporating eye tracking.
  • Eye vergence angle (EVA) naturally adjusts with viewing distance and is a key indicator of depth perception.
  • Understanding EVA in XR is crucial for developing intuitive and immersive user experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how eye vergence angle (EVA) changes when viewing objects at different depths in real, AR, and VR environments.
  • To assess the stability and reliability of EVA as a depth cue in XR settings.
  • To compare the veridicality of EVA with subjective depth judgments.

Main Methods:

  • A repeated measures study was conducted with 13 participants.
  • Participants fixated on targets at varying distances in three environments: real-world objects, AR virtual objects, and VR virtual objects.
  • Eye vergence angle (EVA) was measured during these fixations.

Main Results:

  • A significant main effect of target depth was observed, with EVA increasing for closer targets.
  • Consistent individual differences in baseline EVA were found.
  • A statistically significant, though smaller, main effect of the environment (real, AR, VR) on EVA was detected.
  • EVA remained stable regardless of the previous fixation depth or vergence change direction (convergence/divergence).

Conclusions:

  • Eye vergence angle (EVA) is a reliable indicator of target depth across real, AR, and VR environments.
  • While individual differences in baseline EVA exist, the relationship between EVA and depth is consistent.
  • EVA provides a more accurate depth estimate than subjective verbal judgments in XR contexts.