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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher01:12

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A fire extinguisher that uses pressurized water relies on fluid dynamics principles to generate a high-velocity stream capable of suppressing flames. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding atmosphere. This pressure difference forces the water to flow rapidly when the extinguisher is activated, and the behavior of the water as it exits the nozzle can be understood using fundamental equations of fluid dynamics.
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
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Hand hygiene01:23

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Firefighter gloves sizing: Coverage, practicality, and effectiveness.

Hongwei Hsiao1, Rui Li2, Mengying Zhang2

  • 1Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.

Applied Ergonomics
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current firefighter glove sizing (NFPA) fails to accommodate over a third of users. This study refines the sizing system for better fit, improved safety, and optimized manufacturer design.

Keywords:
AccommodationClusterFitHandSizing

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Safety and Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Apparel Design

Background:

  • The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard for firefighter glove sizing has undergone recent updates.
  • However, significant challenges in achieving proper fit and coverage persist due to issues with data application and design translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current NFPA standard's accommodation of the diverse firefighter population.
  • To examine optimal size gradations for firefighter gloves.
  • To propose an improved and more inclusive glove sizing scheme.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 12 hand measurements from a stratified sample of 943 firefighters.
  • Employed data mapping, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering to analyze hand dimensions.
  • Applied logistic regression to establish probability-based boundaries for size selection.

Main Results:

  • Identified that 35.2% of firefighter hands fall outside the existing seven NFPA-mandated sizes.
  • Developed a refined seven-size system using PCA and clustering, adhering to NFPA sizing conventions.
  • Established probability-based boundaries to enhance user guidance in selecting the appropriate glove size.

Conclusions:

  • The current NFPA glove sizing standard exhibits limitations in accommodating the full spectrum of firefighter hand dimensions.
  • A refined sizing system, informed by comprehensive hand measurements and advanced statistical analysis, offers improved accommodation.
  • This research provides critical hand-dimension specifications to aid manufacturers in optimizing glove design, production, and inventory, ultimately enhancing firefighter safety and comfort.