Associations between birth experience and postpartum depression - A Cross-Sectional study

Birth experience is a multidimensional concept that can impact life after birth, including mental health. It may contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD), a common postpartum condition. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an independent correlation between birth experience and PPD symptoms, while controlling for background variables. Additionally, sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with PPD symptoms were analyzed.

This cross-sectional study included participants who gave birth 6-16 weeks prior to participation, at five hospitals in southern Sweden. Data was collected via a web-based survey from September 2021 to January 2022, covering sociodemographic and clinical variables, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between birth experience and depressive symptoms, controlling for potential confounders.

An analysis of 505 completed surveys revealed an independent negative correlation, where a better birth experience was linked to less symptoms of PPD (β = -2.87, p < 0.001). Significant predictors of more PPD symptoms included ethnic minority status, past or current mental health issues, previous trauma, premature labour, younger age and lower birth support.

A positive birth experience was independently associated with fewer postpartum depression symptoms, whereas lower birth support, younger age, minority status, and other background factors were linked to increased risk for PPD. These findings highlight the need for maternity care that promotes supportive and positive birth experiences, with particular attention to groups at higher risk of PPD.