Consensus Meeting of Anatomy on the Border, Appropriate Use and Precautions for ICG in Liver, Lung, and Renal Surgery

The liver, lungs, and kidneys are all parenchymal organs and are useful targets for indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence. We created a consensus statement on the appropriate use and precautions for ICG in liver, lung, and kidney surgery.

We conducted a comprehensive literature search and questionnaire survey for expert surgeons in each area.

We extracted 11 articles related to the liver, 23 to the lung, and 8 to the kidney. A total of 86 facilities, 50 facilities, and 32 surgeons responded to the questionnaire survey for the liver, lung, kidney, respectively. ICG fluorescence is widely employed for segment delineation of the liver, lung, and kidney and has been reported to exhibit high efficacy. The dosage and timing greatly vary depending on the target organ and administration route. Tumor localization via ICG fluorescence is widely performed in the liver area, with numerous reports highlighting its high efficacy. Contrarily, in the lung and kidney, despite the existence of clinical studies, ICG fluorescence has not been generally performed in clinical practice. There have been no reported complications or adverse experiences related to the use of ICG agents, indicating their safety for clinical use.

This survey, along with a literature review, has elucidated the current consensus of liver, lung, and kidney surgeons regarding ICG fluorescence.