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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Sleep Quality Impacts Training Responses and Performance in Elite Swimmers.

Emily A Lundstrom1,2, Mary Jane De Souza1, Megan E Conklin1

  • 1Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

European Journal of Sport Science
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High-quality sleep is crucial for athletes. Adequate sleep duration and slow-wave sleep (SWS%) significantly improve swimming performance and training recovery, highlighting the importance of sleep for athletic success.

Keywords:
elite athletessleep deprivationsport performancewearable technology

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • High-quality sleep is essential for athlete recovery and performance.
  • Athletes frequently experience poor sleep duration and quality.
  • The impact of sleep quality on training adaptation and performance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sleep quality metrics and training responses in elite swimmers.
  • To determine the predictive value of sleep quality on swimming performance.
  • To explore sex-based differences in sleep-performance relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed sleep quality (duration, debt, SWS, REM) and training measures (strain, heart rate) in 26 collegiate swimmers.
  • Collected sleep and training data during heavy training and before a 200yd time trial.
  • Utilized Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses, controlling for sex.

Main Results:

  • Sleep duration correlated negatively with training strain.
  • Sleep debt was positively related to average exercising heart rate (ExHRavg).
  • Slow-wave sleep (SWS) duration showed a negative correlation with ExHRavg.
  • Both sleep duration and SWS% significantly predicted faster 200yd time trial performance when controlling for sex.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep quality metrics are associated with training adaptations in elite swimmers.
  • Both sleep quantity and quality are critical predictors of swimming performance.
  • Athletes should prioritize adequate sleep to enhance recovery and optimize performance.