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The SMC Hinge is a Selective Gate for Obstacle Bypass.

Hon Wing Liu1, Florian Roisné-Hamelin1, Michael Taschner1

  • 1Department of Fundamental Microbiology (DMF), Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature Communications
|November 25, 2025
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Summary

Bacterial SMC complexes bypass large DNA obstacles using a hinge channel gate mechanism. This conserved function allows DNA-bound obstacles to be managed during genome maintenance.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes are essential molecular motors involved in genome maintenance.
  • The mechanism by which SMC complexes navigate large DNA-bound obstacles during DNA extrusion remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how bacterial SMC complexes, specifically the Wadjet complex, bypass large obstacles tethered to extruded DNA.
  • To elucidate the role of the SMC hinge in obstacle bypass and its conservation in eukaryotic SMCs.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro biochemical assays using the bacterial Wadjet SMC complex.
  • Single-stranded DNA/RNA linker tethering assays to DNA-bound obstacles.
  • Comparative analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic SMC hinge structures and functions.

Main Results:

  • The Wadjet SMC complex efficiently bypasses obstacles larger than its lumen when tethered by ssDNA/RNA linkers.
  • Selective entrapment of the ssDNA/RNA linker within the SMC hinge channel facilitates bypass, retaining dsDNA within the ring.
  • Eukaryotic SMC hinges also accommodate ssDNA, and the hinge is not essential for Wadjet loop extrusion, suggesting a conserved bypass function.

Conclusions:

  • The SMC hinge toroid acts as a gate, enabling bypass of DNA-bound obstacles via linker entrapment.
  • Obstacle bypass is a conserved function of SMC hinges, integrating with loop extrusion to form densely decorated chromosomal loops.