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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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General-purpose mechanical computing enabled by origami circuit reconfiguration with robotic addressing and

Yinghua Chen1, Ting Tan2, Zhimiao Yan3

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

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|November 25, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a mechanical programmable gate array for general-purpose computing. This scalable architecture uses origami switches and robotic activation for dynamic configuration, enabling autonomous decision-making materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computer Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Natural systems inspire mechanical computing for environmental perception and autonomous decisions.
  • General-purpose mechanical computing faces challenges in balancing programmability and scalability.
  • Existing architectures struggle to integrate dynamic reconfiguration for complex tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a scalable mechanical programmable gate array architecture for general-purpose computing.
  • To overcome the programmability-scalability trade-off in mechanical computing.
  • To enable decision-making materials for edge computing and robotics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed bistable origami switch-based logic units mapped to Quine-McCluskey logic functions.
  • Integrated conductive networks to create stable, low-redundancy logic modules.
  • Employed a robotic activation mechanism guided by magnetic instructions for dynamic array configuration.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a scalable architecture with complete programmability and dynamic reconfiguration.
  • Achieved high stability and low redundancy in logic modules.
  • Integrated storage units for iterative processes and function reuse.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanical programmable gate array offers a foundation for decision-making materials.
  • The architecture supports applications in distributed edge computing and embodied intelligent robotics.
  • This approach advances the development of adaptable and intelligent mechanical systems.