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The relationship between elderly dietary index and sarcopenia: a case-control study
Elham Moslemi1, Fatemeh Mansouri2, Babaqul Khudayqulov3
1Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Geriatrics
|November 26, 2025
Summary
Higher adherence to the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) is linked to lower odds of sarcopenia in older adults. This study highlights the importance of diet in preventing age-related muscle loss.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia poses a significant health risk to the growing elderly population.
- Limited research exists on the relationship between sarcopenia and dietary patterns in older adults.
- The Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) is a potential tool for assessing diet quality in this demographic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between adherence to the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) and the prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults in Iran.
- To determine if dietary patterns, as measured by the EDI, influence sarcopenia risk in the elderly population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 160 older adults (80 with sarcopenia, 80 without) from Shiraz, Iran.
- Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria.
- Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
- Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between the EDI and sarcopenia odds.
Main Results:
- Each unit increase in the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) was significantly associated with reduced odds of sarcopenia (OR = 0.798, 95% CI: 0.645-0.986).
- Increased age and higher levels of education were correlated with greater odds of sarcopenia.
- The findings indicate a protective effect of adhering to the EDI against sarcopenia.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) demonstrates a significant inverse relationship with the odds of sarcopenia in older Iranian adults.
- Dietary quality, as reflected by the EDI, may play a crucial role in mitigating sarcopenia risk.
- Further research is warranted to explore the specific dietary components contributing to this protective effect.
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