Integrating digital technologies in clinical dentistry training: a framework for competency-based education

Integrating digital technologies in clinical dentistry training is increasingly recognized as essential for modernizing competency-based education. However, structured frameworks for digital technology adoption in dental training are lacking, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Tanzania. This study assesses digital technology integration in clinical dentistry training and proposes a structured framework to enhance competency-based education.

A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from dental students, educators, graduates, and policymakers through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.

The study found that while 57% of institutions had access to electronic health records (EHR) systems and 25% had digital imaging tools, advanced digital technologies such as AI-powered diagnostics and teledentistry platforms were absent. Significant digital competency gaps were identified, with only 27.5% of students and graduates rating their proficiency as "good" or "very good." Faculty training remained limited, with only 20% of public institution faculty receiving digital training. Key barriers to digital integration included financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of structured policies.

The study highlights the need for a structured digital integration framework in Tanzanian dental training institutions. The proposed framework emphasizes institutional readiness, faculty training, infrastructure development, and student competency enhancement. Implementing these measures will enhance digital literacy and ensure that graduates are equipped for modern dental practice.

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