Correlation between aging, periodontal diagnoses and systemic diseases: a retrospective analysis of 3,000 patients

Aging is a complex biological process driven by interconnected mechanisms such as inflammaging and immunosenescence. It serves as a significant risk factor for numerous chronic conditions. With increasing life expectancy, understanding the interplay between aging, systemic inflammation, and periodontitis has gained renewed research interest. This study aims to identify medical profiles that may pose a risk in periodontology and to explore their relationship with periodontal status, age and gender.

The retrospective study analyzed medical and dental records of 3000 patients who presented to the Department of Periodontology at Sivas Cumhuriyet University. Standard anamnesis forms were examined to collect demographic data, systemic diseases, allergy and infection status, medication use, smoking habits, oral hygiene, periodontal complaints, and diagnoses. Associations among age, periodontal diagnosis, and medical status were statistically evaluated.

The analysis revealed a high prevalence of both systemic and periodontal diseases, with a notable increase in frequency with age. Systemic diseases were significantly associated with a progression from periodontal health to periodontitis. The mean patient age was 36.3 ± 14.9 years. 69.9% of participants had no systemic diseases. Additionally, 25.8% reported regular medication use. Periodontal complaints were present in 65.5% of the subjects.

To enhance oral and systemic health outcomes in the aging population, it is crucial for dentists to conduct detailed anamnesis and tailor personalized treatment protocols based on individual risk factors. Integrated collaboration between medical doctors and dental professionals is essential. Patients should also be educated about the bidirectional link between systemic and periodontal inflammation, especially in older adults.