Exploring the caregiving perceptions and needs of family caregivers of older stroke patients: a descriptive qualitative study

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with high incidence in aging Asian populations. Elderly stroke survivors often have physiological dysfunctions, relying heavily on primary informal caregivers. However, Chinese caregivers face unique cultural and practical challenges (e.g., close bonding, filial piety-driven self-sacrifice, urban-rural medical insurance gaps) has not been explored from a qualitative perspective.

This study aimed to explore the caregiving experiences, emotional states, and unmet needs of primary caregivers of elderly stroke patients in China, using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a theoretical framework to guide analysis and identify targeted support strategies.

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from March to April 2024 in the neurology department of a tertiary Grade-A hospital in southwestern China. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to recruit 19 primary caregivers.Data were collected via 30-45 minute semi-structured one-on-one interviews and analyzed using directed content analysis with NVivo software.

Three core themes emerged: 1) Caregiving challenges (physical/mental exhaustion, economic pressure, role adaptation difficulties, lifestyle disruption); 2) Caregiver growth (enhanced mental resilience, improved health awareness, strengthened family bonds, reshaped life meaning); 3) Diverse support needs (instrumental, informational, emotional, social support). These themes mapped to all tiers of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Chinese caregivers of elderly stroke patients face multi-dimensional burdens but also experience personal growth. Healthcare professionals should use Maslow's theory to provide comprehensive support to improve caregivers' well-being and long-term care quality.