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Engineering a Self-Defensive Restoration-Tooth Interface via Bioactive nMgO/E-POSS Bulk-Fill Resin Composites for

Zhongyuan Wu1,2, Yuwei Zhao2, Aihua Li3

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new bioactive resin composite (RC) for dental restoration. The advanced material reduces shrinkage, fights bacteria, and promotes remineralization, improving restoration longevity and preventing secondary caries.

Keywords:
bioactivebulk‐fill resin compositedendritic epoxy cyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanenano magnesium oxiderestoration‐tooth interface

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Light-curing resin composites (RCs) face challenges like polymerization shrinkage and lack of anti-cariogenic properties, leading to restoration failure.
  • Interfacial integrity is compromised by shrinkage, increasing risks of gaps and secondary caries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioactive multifunctional bulk-fill RC with enhanced properties for dental defect restoration.
  • To address limitations of conventional RCs, including shrinkage and cariogenic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of sol-gel synthesized nano-magnesium oxide (nMgO), Stöber-derived silica nanoparticles (sSiO2), and epoxy-cyclohexyl functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (E-POSS) into a bulk-fill RC.
  • Evaluation of depth of cure, degree of conversion, antibacterial activity, remineralization potential, mechanical properties, and biosafety.

Main Results:

  • The developed RC exhibited a large depth of cure (>4 mm) and high degree of conversion (>80%).
  • Synergistic effects of nMgO and E-POSS demonstrated low shrinkage, reduced shrinkage stress, potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, and biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentin.
  • The composite maintained satisfactory mechanical properties, hydrolytic/thermal stability, and biosafety after 10,000 thermal cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The novel multifunctional RC offers synergistic self-defensive antibacterial-remineralization capabilities.
  • Low-shrinkage enhanced interfacial adaptation minimizes gaps and microleakage, preventing secondary caries.
  • This composite presents a promising strategy for restoring large dental defects, extending restoration longevity.