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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Mind's eye: Saccade-related evoked potentials support visual encoding in humans.

Gansheng Tan^1,2,3,4, Phillip Demarest^1,2,3,4, Yilin Li^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences

|November 26, 2025

Summary

Saccade-related evoked potentials (SREPs) are a newly identified neural mechanism in humans that modulate brain activity during eye movements. These potentials play a crucial role in successful visual encoding and long-term memory formation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Vision Science

Background:

Active vision relies on discontinuous visual input gated by saccadic eye movements.
Saccadic modulation of neural activity is a proposed mechanism for perception and memory, but its existence and function in humans are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the existence and functional role of saccade-related evoked potentials (SREPs) in human visual encoding.
To determine if SREPs are linked to memory formation and distinguish them from motor-related neural signals.

Main Methods:

Utilized eye tracking and intracranial local field potentials from epilepsy patients performing visual encoding tasks.
Developed a saccade-related neural dynamic (SRND) model to analyze pre-saccadic oscillations and SREPs.
Employed random forest and Shapley value analyses to link neural features to memory performance.

Main Results:

Observed consistent SREPs across the cerebrum, not attributable to ocular or retinal activity.
Found that SREP characteristics (latency, magnitude) correlated with successful visual encoding and next-day recognition memory (62.6% accuracy).
Demonstrated that SREPs are unlikely to be corollary discharge signals for saccade direction, as prediction accuracy was at chance level.

Conclusions:

Saccade-related evoked potentials (SREPs) represent a neural mechanism of saccadic modulation in humans.
SREPs play a significant role in visual encoding and are associated with successful long-term memory formation.