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Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model
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Ephaptic coupling and power fluctuations in depression.

Dimitris A Pinotsis1, Sankaraleengam Alagapan2, Parisa Sarikhani2

  • 1Centre for Clinical, Social and Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, City St George's-University of London, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows acute effects on brain activity. New measures of neural dynamics, instability frequency and relative wandering time, may predict depression symptom severity after DBS.

Keywords:
DBSLyapunov exponentsdepressionelectric fields

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown acute behavioral effects after implantation surgery that persist without ongoing stimulation.
  • Beta power fluctuations in local field potential (LFP) data are considered a potential biomarker for depression following DBS exposure.
  • A detailed understanding of the neural dynamics underlying these power fluctuations is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain power fluctuations and brain itinerancy, defined as neural activity transitioning between stable and unstable states.
  • To introduce and validate two novel dynamical systems measures, instability frequency and relative wandering time, for describing these neural dynamics.
  • To explore the potential of these measures in differentiating depression symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of LFP data recorded from the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) for one month post-DBS implantation, with no further stimulation applied.
  • Application of two new dynamical systems measures: instability frequency and relative wandering time, to characterize neural activity dynamics.
  • Correlation of these measures with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores in a small patient cohort.

Main Results:

  • The study introduces instability frequency and relative wandering time as measures capturing interactions between neural activity and mesoscale oscillatory electric fields.
  • These two measures demonstrated an ability to distinguish between low and high HDRS scores within the analyzed patient group.
  • The findings are theoretically grounded in the cytoelectric coupling hypothesis, linking electric fields to information processing and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Instability frequency and relative wandering time offer a novel approach to quantifying neural dynamics related to brain itinerancy.
  • These measures show promise as potential indicators of depression symptom severity following initial DBS exposure.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these measures reflect general mechanisms of rapid antidepressant action.