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Unilateral striatal deep brain stimulation improves cognitive control.

Elizabeth M Sachse, Evan M Dastin-van Rijn, Jonathan P Bennek

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |November 26, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively improves cognitive control, matching bilateral stimulation

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatric Disorders
    • Deep Brain Stimulation

    Background:

    • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VCVS) treats psychiatric conditions like OCD by enhancing cognitive control.
    • Clinical efficacy of VCVS DBS is limited by incomplete understanding of how stimulation parameters and targets influence neural activity and behavior.
    • Prior research established a preclinical model for VCVS DBS using cognitive control but did not address laterality effects observed in humans.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate laterality effects in a rodent model of VCVS DBS, specifically comparing unilateral and bilateral mid-striatum stimulation.
    • To determine if unilateral stimulation can improve cognitive control similarly to bilateral stimulation.
    • To examine sex differences in cognitive control improvement from stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a rodent model to study cognitive control, a key decision-making component impaired in psychiatric illnesses.
    • Administered right and left-unilateral mid-striatum stimulation and assessed effects on response times and accuracy.
    • Employed computational modeling to analyze how stimulation modifies decision-making variables.

    Main Results:

    • Both right and left-unilateral stimulation improved cognitive control by reducing response times without affecting accuracy.
    • These findings replicate the cognitive control improvements observed with bilateral stimulation in previous studies.
    • Computational modeling indicated that unilateral and bilateral stimulation modulate the same decision-making variables.
    • Females exhibited the same cognitive control improvement from stimulation as males.

    Conclusions:

    • Unilateral mid-striatum stimulation is as effective as bilateral stimulation in enhancing cognitive control in a rodent model.
    • This validates the rodent model for studying DBS mechanisms and suggests unilateral stimulation may offer therapeutic advantages.
    • Findings confirm that sex does not influence cognitive control improvement from stimulation, providing crucial insights for DBS therapies.