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Nut consumption in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
Taline Lazzarin1, Raquel Simões Ballarin1, Paula Schmidt Azevedo1
1Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|November 26, 2025
Summary
Nuts may benefit chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients by improving markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and reducing mortality. Walnuts specifically lowered LDL cholesterol and blood pressure, with no adverse effects on electrolytes.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Nephrology
- Dietary Interventions
Background:
- Nuts offer antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.
- Potential benefits for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are suggested.
- Nutrient-rich foods may improve health outcomes in CKD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review nut consumption's impact on CKD patients.
- Evaluate effects on lipid profiles, inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood pressure.
- Assess association with mortality in CKD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of major databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane).
- Included four studies (3 trials, 1 cohort) with 1,270 CKD patients.
- Assessed heterogeneity and risk of bias across studies.
Main Results:
- Brazil nuts and baru almond oil improved oxidative stress and inflammation markers.
- Walnuts reduced LDL cholesterol and blood pressure without electrolyte imbalance.
- Total nut consumption correlated with reduced all-cause mortality.
Conclusions:
- Nuts show potential dietary benefits for CKD patients.
- Evidence suggests positive impacts on key health markers.
- Further research is needed for clinical application.
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