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Regional Patterns and Risk Factors of Hearing Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Saudi Arabia
Abdullah D Alotaibi1, Kamaleldin B Said2, Ruba M Elsaid Ahmed2
1Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, SAU.
Cureus
|November 26, 2025
Summary
Hearing loss (HL) affects millions, with Saudi Arabia lacking region-specific data. This study found age, noise exposure, and genetics are key risk factors for hearing loss in the region.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Audiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hearing loss (HL) is a significant global health issue impacting quality of life.
- There is a notable lack of region-specific data on hearing loss prevalence in Saudi Arabia.
- Understanding HL frequency and contributing factors in Saudi Arabia is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and rates of hearing loss in Saudi Arabia.
- To identify potential risk factors associated with hearing loss in the Saudi population.
- To provide region-specific data to address the scarcity of information.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed.
- Data collection utilized a web-based, self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms.
- Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24.
Main Results:
- Out of 789 responses, 6.6% reported hearing loss, with a high concentration in the Eastern region (62.4%).
- Age was a significant factor (p < 0.001), with increased risk observed in older age groups (51-60 and 71-80 years).
- Key contributing factors identified include genetics (34.6%), noise exposure (26.9%), and a family history of HL (51.9%). Noise hazard (p = 0.048) and medication use (p = 0.017) were significant.
Conclusions:
- Age, noise exposure, and a family history of hearing loss are major predisposing factors for HL in Saudi Arabia.
- A significant portion of individuals with HL did not seek treatment, highlighting a gap in healthcare access or awareness.
- Future large-scale, multicenter studies with clinical data are recommended for deeper insights into hearing loss.
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