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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Reference Values for Permanent-Tooth Emergence in Hungarian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Zsuzsa Kapusi-Papp1, János Máth2, Judit Ágnes Nemes1

  • 1Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.

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|November 26, 2025
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Summary

This study establishes new, sex-specific permanent tooth eruption standards for Hungarian children, replacing outdated international guidelines. These findings aid in diagnosing eruption timing and planning dental interventions.

Keywords:
Hungaryemergence timeeruption sequencepermanent teethtooth eruption

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Human Biology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning require population-specific data on permanent tooth eruption.
  • Hungarian clinical practice currently uses outdated international eruption standards.
  • Establishing local standards is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the timing and sequence of permanent tooth emergence in Hungarian children.
  • To provide sex-specific eruption standards for the Hungarian population.
  • To update current clinical practice with localized, evidence-based data.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study analyzed dental screening records of 2948 Hungarian children aged 4-15 years.
  • Probit regression estimated median eruption times and percentiles.
  • Eruption sequences were assessed by sex and jaw location.

Main Results:

  • Girls generally exhibited earlier permanent tooth eruption than boys, with notable exceptions.
  • Mandibular teeth typically erupted before maxillary teeth, with sex-specific variations observed.
  • Eruption ranges varied significantly, with second molars showing the widest range and maxillary central incisors the narrowest.

Conclusions:

  • This research presents the first modern, sex-specific permanent tooth eruption standards for Hungarian children.
  • These new reference values are clinically valuable for identifying delayed eruption.
  • The findings support optimized timing for preventive dental care and orthodontic interventions.