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Symphyseal Morphology in Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancies: A Retrospective Observational Study
Francesca Squillace1, Rosanna Guarnieri1, Rachele Podda1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Dentistry Journal
|November 26, 2025
Summary
This study found that increased sagittal discrepancy (higher ANB angle) correlates with shorter mandibular symphysis height. Greater Class II skeletal patterns are also linked to increased incisor proclination (IMPA).
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Craniofacial Morphology
- Dental Anthropology
Background:
- Investigating the relationship between skeletal discrepancies and mandibular symphysis morphology is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis.
- Understanding these correlations can aid in predicting treatment outcomes and refining treatment planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between skeletal class and morphological patterns of the mandibular symphysis.
- To determine the association between ANB angle, symphyseal height, and incisor proclination (IMPA).
Main Methods:
- A sample of 90 patients (age range 12-18 years) was analyzed.
- Statistical tests including Pearson's correlation, Spearman's test, and ANOVA were employed.
- Significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Main Results:
- A weak negative correlation was observed between ANB angle and symphyseal height (r = -0.25, p < 0.01).
- A moderate positive correlation was found between ANB angle and IMPA (r = 0.47, p < 0.01).
- Class III subjects had greater symphyseal height than Class II subjects; Class II subjects showed higher IMPA values.
Conclusions:
- Increased sagittal discrepancy (higher ANB) is associated with decreased symphyseal height.
- A more pronounced Class II skeletal pattern correlates with greater incisor proclination (IMPA).
- No significant relationship was found between symphysis type and IMPA.
Keywords:
ANB angleIMPAcephalometric analysisfacial aestheticsmalocclusionmandibular symphysisskeletal classsymphysis morphologyMore Related Videos
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