Determinants of Patient Satisfaction with Vascular Access in Hemodialysis: Insights from a Multicenter Study in Italy

Background: Vascular access is a very important element for patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment, but it is also a major source of complications, often compromising patients' quality of life. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred for their durability, but complications such as edema, bruising, cannulation pain, and hygiene concerns can affect patient satisfaction. Aim: We aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with vascular access and to identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors influencing this satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study on 235 hemodialysis patients in Italy. Satisfaction was assessed using the Short Form Vascular Access Questionnaire (SF-VAQ). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate regression models. Results: Satisfaction was significantly influenced by local complications, perceived hygiene, and access duration. Lower satisfaction was reported by patients with swelling, bruising, or negative hygiene perceptions. Longer use of the access was also associated with declining satisfaction. Conclusions: Patient satisfaction involves both clinical outcomes and patient perceptions. The integration of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into vascular access management can help clinicians identify early dissatisfaction and implement interventions that can improve treatment adherence and quality of life.