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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Published on: May 6, 2018

A Screening Assay for Bile Acid-Transforming Microorganisms Using Engineered Bacterial Biosensors.

Debora Dallera^1,2, Daniele Pastorelli^1,2, Massimo Bellato^3,4

¹Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

|November 26, 2025

Summary

A novel bacterial biosensor assay screens for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in microbes. This accessible method identifies BSH-producing strains, crucial for understanding bile acid metabolism and related diseases.

Keywords:

Escherichia coli TcpH TcpP bacterial sensor bile salts calibration curve fluorimetric assay lactic acid bacteria specificity synthetic biology

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Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor

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Published on: January 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biochemistry
Enzymology

Background:

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is key to microbial bile acid (BA) metabolism in the gut.
BA pool dysregulation links to various human and animal diseases, necessitating BSH activity identification.
Existing BSH screening methods are often costly, insensitive, or complex.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, accessible, and sensitive assay for screening microbial BSH activity.
To utilize a bacterial biosensor reporting BA concentrations via fluorescence for BSH detection.
To ensure assay specificity by testing primary BAs within controlled ranges and addressing matrix effects.

Main Methods:

Development of a bacterial biosensor for detecting bile acids (BAs).
Implementation of a screening assay using the biosensor for microbial BSH activity.
Evaluation of the assay on recombinant *Escherichia coli* strains expressing BSH genes from *Lactobacillus johnsonii* PF01 and *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG.
Assessment of the matrix effect of microbial growth media on biosensor output.

Main Results:

The assay successfully detected BSH activity in tested microbial strains.
Results were consistent with previous BSH activity assays for the evaluated enzymes.
The assay demonstrated robustness in addressing the matrix effect of growth media.

Conclusions:

The developed biosensor assay provides a reproducible and accessible method for screening BSH activity in cultivated microbes.
This assay supports the identification of BSH-producing strains relevant to healthcare and agroindustry.
The assay is compatible with automated protocols, enhancing its utility.