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Evaluating the Performance of Hyperspectral Imaging Endoscopes: Mitigating Parameters Affecting Spectral Accuracy.

Siavash Mazdeyasna¹, Mohammed Shahriar Arefin¹, Andrew Fales¹

¹Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

|November 26, 2025

Summary

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems require careful parameter control for consistent medical measurements. Normalization helps, but ambient light and camera warm-up time still impact spectral accuracy, hindering clinical use.

Keywords:

ambient light camera focus camera warm-up time exposure time hyperspectral endoscope illumination angle interferometer-based spectral scanning medical hyperspectral imaging normalization optimization reflectance spectrum snapshot spatial and temporal averaging spectral accuracy spectral noise target angle working distance

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Area of Science:

Medical imaging
Optical spectroscopy
Biomedical engineering

Background:

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers rich data for medical applications, integrating cameras with endoscopes.
No U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared HSI endoscopes exist, limiting clinical translation.
Spectral measurement consistency across HSI systems and conditions is crucial for reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of eight parameters on spectral measurements using HSI.
To assess the effectiveness of normalization in mitigating parameter-induced spectral variations.
To propose practical considerations for optimizing HSI system performance for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Evaluated eight parameters: ambient light, exposure time, camera warm-up, averaging, focus, distance, and angles.
Used interferometer-based spectral scanning and snapshot HSI techniques.
Conducted controlled experiments to measure spectral accuracy and the effect of normalization.

Main Results:

Several parameters significantly influenced spectral measurements, with varying impact.
Normalization reduced variations for most parameters but was less effective for ambient light and camera warm-up.
Normalization did not eliminate spectral noise from low exposure, small regions of interest, or non-uniform light sources.

Conclusions:

Consistent spectral measurements are achievable with optimized HSI system parameters.
Addressing parameter variability is essential for reliable clinical translation of HSI.
Proposed practical considerations can minimize spectral variations, supporting HSI's medical adoption.