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Rational Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Reticular Electrochemiluminescence and Biosensing

Bing Sun1, Lin Cui2

  • 1School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.

Biosensors
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance by enabling efficient electron transfer and emission. This review details molecular design strategies for COF-based ECL materials, paving the way for advanced sensing applications.

Keywords:
biosensorscharge transfercovalent organic frameworkselectrochemiluminescenceenvironmental monitoringfood safety assaystructural design

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a highly sensitive analytical technique.
  • Efficient ECL emitters are crucial for technological advancement.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise for high-performance ECL systems due to their unique structural and electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of rational design strategies and structural engineering for COF-based ECL materials.
  • To discuss molecular-level approaches for developing advanced COF-based ECL emitters.
  • To highlight the role of COFs in enhancing ECL performance and enabling diverse analytical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of linkage chemistry, monomer selection (luminophores, π-conjugated motifs), and framework regulation in COF synthesis.
  • Analysis of post-synthetic modification, composite formation, and incorporation of aggregation-induced emission and intramolecular charge transfer mechanisms.
  • Examination of strategies like donor-acceptor conjugation, heteroatom doping, and dimensional control to tune electronic structures.

Main Results:

  • COFs provide tunable porosity, ordered π-conjugation, and modular functionalities that enhance electron transfer and ECL emission.
  • Various molecular design strategies, including specific chemical modifications and structural arrangements, effectively boost ECL efficiency.
  • COFs function as both active emitters and scaffolds for signal amplification, leading to improved sensing capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Rational molecular design and structural engineering of COFs are key to developing next-generation ECL materials.
  • COF-based ECL systems demonstrate significant potential for sensitive and selective applications in biosensing, food safety, environmental monitoring, and chiral recognition.
  • Further research into COF structure-property relationships will drive the practical deployment of these advanced sensing platforms.