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Measuring Cyber Interpersonal Violence in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the CyIVIA Instrument
Bárbara Machado1, Isabel Araújo2, Rui Ferreira Jesus3
1NOVA National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
Background:
The growing prevalence of cyber interpersonal violence (CIV) among adolescents necessitates tools to assess its dimensions: victimization, perpetration, and bystander roles. This study develops and validates the "Cyber Interpersonal Violence Instrument for Adolescents" (CyIVIA).
Method:
CyIVIA's development involved 253 adolescents, comprising 146 boys and 107 girls, aged between 11 and 16 years, from northern Portugal. The 40-item Likert-scale tool assesses direct (victimization and perpetration) and indirect (bystander roles) CIV. Analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor testing for reliability and validity.
Results:
CyIVIA demonstrated internal consistency (α = 0.743-0.851) and a robust multidimensional structure. 56.5% reported CIV involvement, with gender differences: girls showed higher victimization, and boys, higher perpetration. The 8th grade emerged as a key intervention period.
Conclusions:
CyIVIA is a reliable tool for assessing CIV among adolescents. Interventions should focus on prevention, empower active bystanders, and promote safer digital environments.
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