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Early Osseointegration in a Sheep Tibia Model: Correlating Digital Periapical Radiograph Gray-Level and RGB-Derived

Sergio Alexandre Gehrke1,2, Jaime Aramburú Júnior1,3, Tiago Luis Eilers Treichel4

  • 1Department of Implantology, Bioface/Postgrados en Odontología/Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Digital radiography with RGB pseudocolorization non-invasively tracks early osseointegration by correlating radiographic and histological data. This method aids in assessing peri-implant tissue maturation and bone formation.

Keywords:
RGB pseudocoloranimal studybone densitydental implantshistomorphometrynon-invasive imagingosseointegrationradiographic analysissheep model

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Radiology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Osseointegration is crucial for dental implant success.
  • Early evaluation of peri-implant tissue changes is essential for predicting long-term outcomes.
  • Non-invasive methods for assessing osseointegration are highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate peri-implant tissue changes during early osseointegration.
  • To combine digital radiography, RGB pseudocolorization, and histomorphometry.
  • To assess early bone formation and matrix maturation in a sheep tibia model.

Main Methods:

  • Titanium implants were placed in sheep tibiae and evaluated at 14 and 28 days.
  • Digital periapical radiographs were analyzed using grayscale and RGB values.
  • Histomorphometry quantified bone tissue, collagen, and medullary spaces.
  • Radiographic and histological images were manually overlaid for spatial correlation.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in bone tissue and collagen, and decreases in medullary spaces were observed from 14 to 28 days.
  • RGB analysis showed changes in red and green channel intensities.
  • Strong correlations were found between radiographic channel intensities and histological parameters, particularly at 14 days.
  • Visual overlays confirmed alignment between radiographic density and histological bone regions.

Conclusions:

  • RGB pseudocolorized radiography offers a non-invasive, reproducible method for early detection of peri-implant tissue maturation.
  • This study establishes a foundation for integrating advanced imaging techniques with histology for future research.
  • The findings support the potential of this combined approach for monitoring osseointegration.