Artificial Intelligence in Edible Mushroom Cultivation, Breeding, and Classification: A Comprehensive Review.

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Agricultural Science
• Computer Science

Background:

• Edible mushrooms are globally popular for nutrition and medicinal properties.
• Traditional mushroom cultivation, breeding, and classification face technological limitations.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for the mushroom industry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review AI applications across the entire mushroom production cycle.
• To consolidate scattered information on AI's utility in mushroom cultivation, breeding, and classification.
• To identify challenges and future directions for AI integration in mushroom science.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review across Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
• Analysis of AI applications in environmental control, disease detection, yield prediction, germplasm characterization, genotype-phenotype integration, genome editing, gene mining, multi-omics, and species identification.
• Synthesis of findings to address current limitations and propose future research avenues.

Main Results:

• AI significantly enhances intelligent environmental control, disease detection, and yield prediction in mushroom cultivation.
• AI tools are advancing mushroom breeding through germplasm characterization, genotype-phenotype integration, genome editing, and gene mining.
• AI facilitates automatic species identification and grading, improving classification accuracy and efficiency.
• Multi-omics data integration powered by AI provides deeper insights into mushroom biology.

Conclusions:

• AI technologies are pivotal for overcoming technological constraints in mushroom cultivation, breeding, and classification.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration and multimodal data fusion are essential for maximizing AI's impact on the mushroom industry.
• Future research should focus on developing and integrating advanced AI solutions for sustainable and efficient mushroom production.