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Isolation, Identification and Prevention of Bacterial Spot Disease on Grifola frondosa
Jun-Tao Ge1, Na Rong2, Jia-Zhe Li1
1College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Abstract:
Grifola frondosa is a rare fungus valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, its bacterial spot disease has been largely overlooked. Thus, this study systematically investigated, isolated, and identified the pathogen and evaluated control strategies for bacterial spot disease affecting G. frondosa cultivation in Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province. Through integrated morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis, and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (16S rRNA, gyrB), Priestia aryabhattai was identified as the causal pathogen. This pathogen exhibited host specificity, infecting only G. frondosa and Pleurotus ostreatus, inducing primordial growth arrest and causing spots on the stipe of mature fruiting bodies. Control assessments revealed significant antimicrobial efficacy for four chemical agents, benziothiazolinone, copper sulfate, ethylicin and tetramycin, three plant extracts, garlic, leek and onion, and two biocontrol strains, Chlorophyllum molybdites and Aspergillus fumigatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that these treatments caused ultrastructural damage to the pathogen's cells, including membrane shrinkage, depression, and perforation. These findings establish key pathogenic characteristics and provide a scientific foundation for integrated disease management, supporting sustainable G. frondosa cultivation.
Insights
Researchers identified Priestia aryabhattai as the cause of bacterial spot disease in Grifola frondosa. Several chemical, plant, and biological treatments effectively controlled the pathogen, aiding sustainable fungus cultivation.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Plant Pathology
- Bacteriology
Background:
- Grifola frondosa is a valuable fungus with significant nutritional and medicinal properties.
- Bacterial spot disease poses a threat to G. frondosa cultivation, but the causal agent and control methods remain largely uninvestigated.
- This study addresses the need for understanding and managing bacterial spot disease in G. frondosa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the bacterial pathogen responsible for G. frondosa spot disease.
- To characterize the pathogenicity and host range of the identified bacterium.
- To evaluate the efficacy of various control strategies against the bacterial pathogen.
Main Methods:
- Morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses were performed.
- Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA and gyrB genes were conducted for pathogen identification.
- Host specificity tests, pathogenicity assays, and efficacy assessments of chemical agents, plant extracts, and biocontrol strains were carried out.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize pathogen ultrastructure after treatment.
Main Results:
- Priestia aryabhattai was identified as the causal agent of bacterial spot disease in G. frondosa.
- The pathogen demonstrated host specificity, primarily infecting G. frondosa and Pleurotus ostreatus.
- Infection led to growth arrest and characteristic spots on fruiting bodies.
- Benziothiazolinone, copper sulfate, ethylicin, tetramycin, garlic, leek, onion, Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Aspergillus fumigatus showed significant antimicrobial activity.
- SEM confirmed ultrastructural damage to pathogen cells following treatment.
Conclusions:
- Priestia aryabhattai is the primary pathogen causing bacterial spot disease in Grifola frondosa.
- Effective control measures include specific chemical agents, plant extracts (garlic, leek, onion), and biocontrol agents (Chlorophyllum molybdites, Aspergillus fumigatus).
- These findings provide a basis for integrated disease management strategies to ensure sustainable cultivation of G. frondosa.
