The Italian Portrait of Laboratory Information Systems in Pathology: The Ones We Have and the Ones We Would Like

Background: In the evolving landscape of pathology, Laboratory Information Systems (LISs) have become essential tools for ensuring traceability, efficiency, and data security in diagnostic workflows. Methods: This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of three major LIS platforms used in Italian pathology laboratories in 2025: Armonia (Dedalus), Pathox Web (Tesi Group), and WinSAP 3.0 (Engineering). Each system is evaluated across key parameters, including sample traceability, integration with hospital systems, digital reporting, user interface, and compliance with regulatory standards such as GDPR and ISO 15189. Results: Armonia stands out for its advanced integration capabilities, scalability, and support for digital pathology, making it ideal for large institutions. Pathox Web offers a balanced solution with strong usability and web-based accessibility, suitable for medium-sized laboratories. WinSAP 3.0, while more limited in modern features, remains a stable and cost-effective option for many facilities. This study emphasizes the strategic importance of selecting an LIS aligned with institutional needs, highlighting its role in enhancing diagnostic quality, operational safety, and future integration with artificial intelligence and automation. Conclusions: The findings support informed decision-making in LIS adoption, critically contributing to the management of scientific and economic data of pathology services in Italy.