Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis, Exosomes, and Therapeutic Horizons

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Parkinson's disease (PD) involves dopaminergic neuron loss and alpha-synuclein aggregation.
• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in PD pathogenesis.
• Exosomal ncRNAs play roles in intercellular communication and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current knowledge on ncRNA involvement in Parkinson's disease.
• To analyze ncRNAs in the context of key PD pathogenic mechanisms.
• To critically evaluate evidence, challenges, and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ncRNAs in PD.
• Analysis structured around major PD pathogenic pathways.
• Critical assessment of current evidence, challenges (biomarker validation, therapeutic delivery), and future research needs.

Main Results:

• ncRNAs modulate crucial PD pathways including neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, and protein clearance.
• Exosomal ncRNAs contribute to pathological signaling and hold therapeutic potential.
• Current evidence highlights the complex role of ncRNAs in PD.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of ncRNA networks is essential for advancing PD research.
• Developing novel diagnostics and therapeutics for PD requires deeper insight into ncRNA functions.
• Addressing challenges in biomarker validation and drug delivery is critical for clinical translation.