Insight into oriental theileriosis: Indian perspective

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Molecular Epidemiology
• Livestock Health

Background:

• Theileria orientalis is a globally distributed haemoprotozoan affecting cattle, transmitted by ticks.
• Oriental theileriosis causes anemia through erythrocyte destruction, unlike other Theileria species.
• Pathogenic genotypes, including Ikeda and Chitose, are increasingly identified worldwide and in India.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the classification, prevalence, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prophylaxis of Theileria orientalis.
• To focus on reports and implications specific to India.
• To highlight the emerging threat of oriental theileriosis in Indian livestock.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Theileria orientalis.
• Analysis of molecular epidemiological data from India.
• Synthesis of information on disease transmission, pathology, and diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Theileria orientalis complex includes virulent genotypes like Ikeda and Chitose.
• Clinical outbreaks are increasingly reported, particularly affecting naive cattle, calves, and pregnant animals.
• Molecular studies confirm the presence of pathogenic genotypes in India, linked to economic losses.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis using conventional and molecular methods is crucial for differentiating from other haemoprotozoan infections.
• Enhanced awareness and management practices are essential to mitigate the impact of Theileria orientalis.
• Oriental theileriosis poses a significant and growing threat to Indian livestock health and productivity.