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Comparative evaluation of virtual articulators in simulating occlusal contacts: an in vitro study
1College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. nabeel.martani@hmu.edu.krd.
The Saudi Dental Journal
|November 26, 2025
Summary
The choice of virtual articulators significantly impacts simulated occlusal contact distribution and area in digital dentistry. Dental professionals must consider articulator characteristics for accurate treatment planning.
Area of Science:
- Digital Dentistry
- Biomechanical Simulation
- Occlusion Analysis
Background:
- Virtual articulators are digital tools for simulating jaw movements and occlusal contacts.
- Limited research exists on comparing virtual articulator performance and their effect on occlusal contact recording.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate how different virtual articulators affect occlusal contact distribution and morphology.
- To identify the most accurate virtual articulator system for dental applications.
Main Methods:
- Intraoral scans of dentate patients were used with digital bite registration.
- Eight virtual articulators were tested in motion using dental CAD software.
- Occlusal contacts during various jaw movements were recorded and analyzed numerically.
Main Results:
- Significant differences were observed in the number and area of occlusal contacts among virtual articulators.
- 3Shape Generic showed the highest number of contact regions (19.6±6.8), while ACR had the lowest (15.8±7.3).
- Ivoclar Vivadent recorded the largest contact area (32±6.4 mm²), and BIO ART A7 Plus the smallest (26.6±6.3 mm²).
Conclusions:
- Virtual articulator selection critically influences occlusal contact representation, impacting treatment planning.
- Clinicians and dental labs should understand articulator limitations for informed decision-making.
- Further research on dynamic/static virtual articulation is needed to improve accuracy.
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