The Complex Role of MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Different Types of Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological disorder caused by a variety of factors. It often complicates diseases and treatment options for this condition are quite limited. There are no approved drugs for certain types of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia is crucial for drug selection and development. The ERK/MAPK signaling pathway plays a significant yet complex role in the formation of megakaryocyte-platelet differentiation and reports on its function are inconsistent. It may be activated, inhibited, or unaffected in different types of thrombocytopenia models. Several drugs targeting the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway have been used for thrombocytopenia in clinical settings, and some small molecule inhibitors have also shown potential therapeutic efficacy for thrombocytopenia through this pathway. In this review, we will summarize both historical and new evidence regarding the roles of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in various types of thrombocytopenia and discuss current therapies and future treatment strategies.