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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Exploring physiological factors underlying individual differences in exercise-induced blood pressure responses.

Shigehiko Ogoh1, Ryosuke Takeda2, Narumi Kunimatsu1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Asaka, Saitama, Japan.

Experimental Physiology
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in arterial blood pressure responses during exercise are not explained by physical traits. Autonomic function, specifically heart rate variability, appears to be a key factor in healthy young adults.

Keywords:
arterial stiffnessmuscle metabolismmuscle oxidative capacitypostexercise muscle ischaemia

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Regulation
  • Autonomic Function

Background:

  • Arterial blood pressure (ABP) responses to exercise exhibit significant individual variability in healthy populations.
  • The underlying physiological mechanisms driving these differences in ABP during exercise remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the determinants of individual variability in systolic blood pressure responses during isometric handgrip exercise.
  • To explore the relationship between peripheral physiological factors and central autonomic control in modulating exercise-induced ABP changes.

Main Methods:

  • 29 healthy participants performed isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction.
  • Postexercise muscle ischemia was applied to assess metaboreflex activity.
  • Measurements included systolic blood pressure, heart rate, arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), peak oxygen uptake, and muscle oxidative capacity.

Main Results:

  • Systolic blood pressure response to exercise was not correlated with arterial stiffness, peak oxygen uptake, or muscle oxidative capacity.
  • Individual variability in systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with heart rate variability during exercise.
  • Variability in systolic blood pressure also correlated with changes in mean arterial pressure during postexercise muscle ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral factors like arterial stiffness and aerobic capacity do not primarily determine individual differences in exercise-induced ABP responses in young adults.
  • Autonomic function, particularly heart rate variability and metaboreflex sensitivity, appears to be a more significant determinant of ABP variability during exercise.
  • These findings contrast with mechanisms of exaggerated ABP responses seen in older adults and hypertensive individuals.