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Related Concept Videos

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Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Social Traps01:41

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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Mixing Time01:19

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The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard...
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Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

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Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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The Right Time at the Right Places.

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This narrative details an academic journey through chemical physics and computer programming at MIT, leading to advanced physical chemistry studies and a senior thesis. The author later pursued a PhD at Stanford and began a professorship in chemistry at UC Berkeley.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Undergraduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) offered a unique interdisciplinary path.
  • The chemical physics major allowed for a flexible curriculum, incorporating physics and advanced physical chemistry courses.
  • Exposure to computer programming through an electrical engineering course provided foundational skills for research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore an interdisciplinary academic path combining physics, chemistry, and computer science.
  • To leverage computational skills in advanced physical chemistry research.
  • To document the formative years of a scientific career, including graduate studies and early professorship.

Main Methods:

  • Coursework in chemical physics, advanced physical chemistry, and computer programming at MIT.
  • Graduate research under Professor Frank Harris at Stanford University.
  • Development of computational skills for research applications.

Main Results:

  • Successful completion of advanced coursework in physical chemistry and physics.
  • Acquisition of programming skills utilized in a senior thesis.
  • Transition from student to independent researcher and academic.
  • Establishment of a career in chemistry academia, including professorships and directorships.

Conclusions:

  • An interdisciplinary undergraduate education can provide a strong foundation for advanced scientific study.
  • Early exposure to computational methods is valuable for scientific research.
  • Mentorship and academic progression are key elements in a scientific career trajectory.