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  • 1University of Pennsylvania, 209 S 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.

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Area of Science:

  • Non-linear optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum dynamics

Background:

  • High-order harmonic generation (HHG) and high-order sideband generation (HSG) are nonlinear optical phenomena driven by non-equilibrium and non-perturbative quasiparticle dynamics.
  • Initially observed in atomic gases, HHG is now a powerful probe for quasiparticle physics in solid-state systems.
  • HSG was concurrently observed in semiconducting systems, prompting theoretical development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common theoretical descriptions for HHG and HSG.
  • To highlight experimental achievements in studying these phenomena.
  • To outline future research directions using these all-optical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic theories providing conceptual frameworks and quantitative predictions.
  • Semiclassical and fully quantum microscopic theories explaining experimental observations.
  • Utilizing laser fields to drive quasiparticle dynamics and generate high-order photons.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical frameworks have been established for HHG in atomic gases and condensed matter, and for HSG in semiconductors.
  • Experimental studies have successfully connected observed spectra to the quantum behavior of quasiparticles.
  • Increased understanding of quasiparticle dynamics has significantly enhanced experimental capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • HHG and HSG are complementary all-optical methods for probing quasiparticle dynamics.
  • Further research can leverage these techniques to address outstanding questions in condensed matter physics.
  • The interplay between theory and experiment continues to advance the understanding of light-matter interactions.