Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors for cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating the development of rapid, accurate, and accessible diagnostic tools for early detection and effective management. Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors have emerged as promising candidates in this domain because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and potential for miniaturization and real-time monitoring. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors applied to cardiovascular disease diagnostics. This review highlights recent advancements in sensor design, such as nanomaterial integration and signal amplification strategies, which have significantly enhanced the performance of these biosensors. Additionally, we examine the application of these biosensors in detecting key cardiovascular biomarkers, such as troponins, C-reactive protein, and myoglobin, underscoring their clinical relevance. By synthesizing current knowledge and technological innovations, this review underscores the potential of electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors to revolutionize cardiovascular disease diagnostics and improve patient outcomes.